Hi,I'm new to this forum. .But i'm A biotech student..Wishing all will help me to enrich myself with all your knowledge..Thanks for all..I'm a student for all those who enriches my knowledge..

I know that laminar air flow cabinets of various safety levels are used for handling infectious microbes or micro-organisms..

Please any one help me to know how they worked with deadliest or infectious microbes in early age when the technological development is low ?or if laminar air flow cabinet can't b used in a situation,how sterile mico-organism cultures can be made?

This report by the New York Times highlights some of the risks involved.

Antibiotics are important drugs, often restoring health and even saving lives. But like all drugs, they can have unwanted and serious side effects, some of which may not become apparent until many thousands of patients have been treated.

Such is the case with an important class of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolones. The best known are Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Levaquin (levofloxacin) and Avelox (moxifloxacin). In 2010, Levaquin was the best-selling antibiotic in the United States.

But by last year, it was also the subject of more than 2,000 lawsuits from patients who had suffered severe reactions after taking it.

Part of the problem is that fluoroquinolones are often inappropriately prescribed. Instead of being reserved for use against serious, perhaps life-threatening bacterial infections like hospital-acquired pneumonia, these antibiotics are frequently prescribed for sinusitis, bronchitis, earaches and other ailments that may resolve on their own or can be treated with less potent drugs or non drug remedies — or are caused by viruses, which are not susceptible to antibiotics.

Source: http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/your-hea...de-effects

The Belviq and Qsymia approvals reflect a shift by FDA away from viewing obesity treatments as cosmetics and more as drugs for a growing health problem. Some 75 million Americans (about one-quarter of the U.S. population) are obese, according to American Heart Association.

- Arena Pharmaceutical (ARNA) when it managed to get its obesity drug, Belviq, approved by the FDA on June 27
- Vivus has targeted the fourth quarter to launch Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate extended-release),
- Orexigen Therapeutics's weight loss drug Contrave was rejected by FDA in 2011 assessing cardiovascular (CV) risks.

Source: http://www.genengnews.com/keywordsandtoo...t/3/28581/

Stem cell is capable of self renovation and can be very beneficial in treatment of variety of conditions like Baldness, Parkinsons and Diabetes. Stem cells are biological cells capable of cell division through mitosis and can develop into specified cell type and can renew to produce more similar stem cells. There are two types of stem cells found in mammals they are embryonic and another is adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are isolated from inner cell mass of blastocysts and Adult stem cells are found in various tissue. These progenitor cells in adults shows repair system and this is used for repair of any damaged cells or tissue.

Today lot of treatments is being done with the help of stem cells. This is a method in which the new adult stem cells are introduced into the area which need to be repaired or at the site of damaged tissue or injury. The ability of stem cell is utilized here to replace diseased or damaged area of the body while the calculated risk of immunological rejection is being considered and also side effects are taken care of.

With the development of new techniques and improvement in medical treatments, research are believing that diseases like malignant cells (cancers), diabetes, Huntingtons disease , Parkinsons disease and even cardiac failures , muscle damages will be cured completely with the help of stem cells. Apart from this belief, much research is still going on to avoid the side effects, immunological rejections etc.

Today the patients with leukaemia and lymphona are being treated for diseases like cancers more effectively with stem cell or bone marrow. This was previously very difficult due to development of immunology. During chemotherapy, cytotoxins are used but these are unable to differentiate neoplastic cells or leukaemia and the hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow. This side effect is reduced with the treatment of stem cells for cancers. Damage to brain is lethal due to damage to cell or cell death which further leads to loss of neurons or oligodendrocytes of the brain. The proportion of general stem cell and progenitor cell is maintained by neural stem cells. Stem cells are used for treatment of diseases like Parkinson and Alzheimer where degeneration of brain happens.

Today apart from brain damages, cancers, steam cells are used for treatment of injury to spinal cord which is very critical. In such treatments, the adult stem cells are isolated and then injected into the damaged site of spinal cord. The isolation of stem cell is done from umbilical cord blood. Many experiments have been successful were in paralyzed mice are treated with stem cell and are capable of surviving without any side effects. This was done by transplant methods.

Many heart diseases are treated with the help of stem cells. This type of treatment is being considered safe, efficient and effective for long term. In such cases, the age of patient under treatment is very crucial also the timing of treatment that is time taken for treatment from the time of damage or myocardial infarction. Many other possible treatments include regeneration of muscles of heart, repopulation of damaged tissues of heart and stimulation of growth of new vessels of blood. Increase in secretion of factors responsible for growth .

It is also today being done that adult bone marrow cells are differentiated into muscles of heart.
Hematopoietic cells diseases can be treated with stem cells. Here the success of such diseases treatment depends upon the application of immunology. The trigger of specific immune cell depends upon the specific antigen and this knowledge can be applied along with stem cell application for blood cell formation.

Many other diseases like baldness can be treated with stem cells. The hair follicle contains stem cell. Many researches in this field are proving the complete treatment of baldness with the help of these stem cells regeneration at the site of baldness. Some scientist have cultivated tooth in experimental mice. Scientist believes these techniques will be used soon to completely re-generate broken teeth in human being. A scientist known as Heller has successfully done re-growing of cochlea hair cells using embryonic stem cell. Apart from these various treatments, diseases like Amyotrohic lateral sclerosis, Crohns disease, various neural and behavioral birth related defects, wound healing, fertility related diseases are cured with the help of stem cells.

Tell us something about yourself.

I have a rather broad question you may or may not be able to answer, but any thoughts help. I have been following developments in xenotransplantation and stem cell research focused on producing fully functional replacement islet cells. I personally think the xeno path seems the most promising (near-term) for developing treatments for type 1 diabetes, specifically those biotechs working on encapsulation technology for porcine islets and not genetic modification or engineering. However, I cannot help but notice that xenotransplantation is attracting very little media attention and, more crucially, little to no investment from big pharmaceutical companies in comparison to the stem cell enterprise. I realize there are concerns over immune response and the porcine endogenous retrovirus, but there are several companies getting past these obstacles in very promising ways i.e. through encapsulation and the discovery of pigs that don't carry PERV. Why is xeno not catching on in big pharma? Why does the general public, biotech, and pharma industry seem to care so much more about stem cell science that lacks the near-term results of xeno - especially for insulin dependent diabetes? This might just be my impression, if so could you point me in the direction of where I can find more information about venture capital investments in xeno.

Thanks!

Hey everyone,

I have a question about a polyamine called spermidine. Does anyone knows how many days/weeks/months spermidine is stable in a plant tissue culture that is in a light enviorment with a temperature of 23 degrees Celsius?

Kind Regards,

Blackmoa

Rapid globalization has brought along with it a lot of industry changes which are actually giving a visible boost to the global economy, helping it grow ‘fitter and fatter’ daily. There has been a considerable increase in the number of warehouses, factories, and high-end construction businesses, with umpteen, workers, contractors, and developers working in them. Hence the safety of all these employees should be the prime responsibility of the companies and businesses out there. This can be done by providing them with on-time safety training sessions. Companies and business can make tie-ups with safety training course providers, and start providing workplace safety training courses like fire fighting courses, to help the employees get a clear idea about workplace safety measures to be adopted. They will also be trained to handle unexpected accidents at workplace. Such courses will also educate them to avoid fatal and non-fatal injuries at workplace.
Workplace accidents may often result in a huge money loss. As you all know, insurance premiums are skyrocketing, and hence it’s always better to try our best and avoid workplace mishaps. Having proper safety training will give clear idea about workplace safety, to help workers decrease the possibility of potential incidents.
Workplace health and safety training can be made cost-effective too. Companies and businesses can send a group of employees to receive safety training from an accredited safety training provider, get them certified, and have them provide safety training programs for other employees.

hi all,,
im aakansha nd i need a help from u guys,,
i have completed my msc biotech from a reputed college and currently im persuing M Tech in biotech from iit kanpur. its getting harder and harder every passing day to live without my family. my family is in bangalore. its been only 20 days and im miserable. im thinking of leaving iit and going back to bangalore.
i want to continue my studies furthur in bangalore.

what are my options if i drop m tech in iit??
am i doing it right??
do i have any better options which would not ruin my career.
what are my options? i dont know much about it. i've heard that addmissions are available for phd in december also.

please suggest me anything u have..

thank u a lot,

What mutagen to use to make a new phenotype of plant?

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The researchers found that gastric emptying rate of the OSTN hormone how to slow down the digestive tract to suppress hunger and eating.The animal experimental results have been held in Houston,the 94th of endocrine school year was released.Guan Xinfu(Public Health,Dr.,Houston,Baylor College of Medicine assistant professor),chief researcher,said:"OTOR gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon like peptide 2(or called GLP-2),the function is through its brain body as a neurotransmitter and fine-tune the gastric emptying."The researchers found that this activity occurs in the GLP-2 receptor,especially located in the brain nerve cells,these cells,known as POMC neurons(or the call of POMC).These neurons in the hypothalamus,the OTUB1 hypothalamus is responsible for manufacturing the part of the appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the brain.Their depth at the molecular level,and compared to the normal wild mouse POMC neurons lack of GLP-2 receptor mice showed delayed OTUB2 obesity and a higher food intake.A non-invasive breath test after consumption of liquid diet,mutant or GLP-2 receptor knockout mice also showed faster gastric emptying.Scientists know that the faster gastric emptying and food intake more.

Guan,therefore,speculated that obese people may be a problem in the OXSR1 hormones(GLP-2)receptors.GLP-2 regulation of their gastric emptying rate.Many studies have found that gastric emptying rate of non-diabetic obese people too fast.According to Guan's statement,the researchers also found that the receptor(GLP-2 receptor)to accelerate quickly(-3)in POMC neurons phosphatidylinositol kinase(PI3K)intracellular signaling pathways.This then induced neuronal excitability(signal transmission)and gene expression.Guan said that the findings in the central nervous system controls the intake of food and gastric emptying in GLP-2 plays an important role."The study has advanced our understanding of the neural circuits of the brain-gut eating behavior indirectly by regulating the gastric emptying rate adjustment,to control our weight."

In Houston at the 94th Endocrine Society Annual Meeting proposed a NUP62 preliminary study found the diabetes drug sitagliptin can reduce postprandial hypoglycemia,which is a low-postprandial blood glucose.Mexico City's National Institute for Medical Science and Nutrition Research Institute chief researcher Dr.Francisco Gomez-Perez said that further research is needed to determine whether you can use of NusA sitagliptin as new ways of treatment of low blood sugar reactions,there is no drug that can be used treating this condition.Low blood sugar reaction called postprandial hypoglycemia,whether or not diabetes are likely to occur after eating carbohydrates(sugars).Symptoms include NUTF2 anxiety,palpitations,trembling,sweating,dizziness,tingling fingers,inability to concentrate and weakness.Gomez-Perez said that the current treatment methods include smaller meals and avoid high-sugar food intake,but these methods are not always effective.He speculated that the cause of reactive hypoglycemia are:delay the secretion of NXT1 insulin after the intake of carbohydrates.Blood sugar after a meal will usually rise,the need for insulin in a timely manner secretion(blood sugar returned to normal levels).

Doctors for adults with type 2 diabetes,sitagliptin(trade name Jienuo Wei)to lower blood sugar.Gomez-Perez and his companions speculated that the drug can reduce the symptoms of low blood sugar reaction.28 patients suffering from OAS1 reactive hypoglycemia(24 women and 4 men)100 mg once daily doses of sitagliptin tablets,or taking an appearance the same,but the role of the placebo,the researchers of these two The effect of the treatment comparison.Of placebo and sitagliptin,as well as the funding of research material obtained from Merck.Before and after two weeks of treatment,experimental participants in the dietary tolerance test to measure insulin and glucose levels.Experimental blood samples immediately before and after feeding 440-calorie meals,these meals,including 100 grams of carbohydrates and foods that can cause reactive hypoglycemia in these patients.Test the first 30 minutes of the early stages,from one hour to five hours late stage of the trial.Before the test,measured similar to insulin and blood sugar level.However,abstracts mentioned in the trials conducted in the late tolerance test taking sitagliptin group,higher blood sugar levels,and alleviate the symptoms of hypoglycemia.Sitagliptin treatment group symptom intensity is much lower than in the placebo group.0 to 10 points on the intensity of symptoms were assessed,where 0 means non-existent symptoms,10 indicates the presence of the strongest symptoms.Sitagliptin treatment group and the score of comfort units 2 and 5,respectively."Our results show that the reduction of low blood sugar and meal tolerance test early phase of insulin secretion is increased."Gomez-Perez said that,despite this result"sitagliptin seems can restore normal dynamic insulin secretion."referred to as"promising",but he also said that the recommended sitagliptin for further research is needed before the treatment of low blood sugar reaction.
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How PCR is helpful in detecting Plague?

Join Biotech/Microbio Student’s Project/Training Program (Early Morning & Evening batches) from July 2012 at CIBTech Jaipur

Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech), Jaipur, a scientific research, publication and promotion based organization (since 2009) is conducting innovative projects, training programs (1 to 6 months duration), in the field of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, for UG and PG Students from July 2012.
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Dear can anyone extend their expertise to help me out in constructing engineered microoroganism for biodegradation of pesticides.

Recently, the internationally renowned Journal of Cell Science published the latest MCFD2 research results of researchers from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Max-Planck of Biophysics, Institute of Chemistry, "Opposite and kept in redundant roles of the two of Drosophila Perilipins in lipid mobilization, "the article, the article, the researchers found only two Drosophila PAT family proteins Plin1 and Plin2 lipolysis both same and opposite regulation function, revealing the MCL-1 Drosophila PAT family proteins in lipid complex functions in the solution, provided a strong theoretical basis for the subsequent parsing of the PAT family proteins function in the evolutionary.Corresponding author of the article is of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Huang Hoon researcher Huang Hsun Laboratory doctoral Bi Junfeng and extension of co-first author of the paper. The Mcpt1 study was completed, and the cooperation of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Germany Ronald P. Kühnlein Laboratory, funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Fund Committee of.Lipids is an important form of energy storage in vivo lipid metabolism balance is very important to keep the Mdga2 human body. Lipid metabolism disorders can cause high blood lipids, insulin resistance, diabetes and fatty liver and other diseases. Cells, lipids are mainly the form of neutral lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol ester storage is lipid droplets (lipid droplets).

PAT family proteins are highly conserved and specific localization in the lipid droplet MDH1 surface protein. Previous work found that the PAT family proteins are involved in the regulation of lipolysis. However, in vivo PAT family proteins among members of the division of labor coordination of lipid solution is still not clear.In this article, the researchers Drosophila model organisms and found that only two Drosophila PAT family protein Plin1 and Plin2 lipolysis both the same and opposite regulatory functions. Mutant and overexpression strains the fat cell phenotype analysis found that the Plin1 promote lipolysis, while Plin2 inhibition of lipolysis the Plin1 and Plin2.Further studies showed that, the Plin1 lipase HSL from the cytoplasmic localization to the surface of lipid droplets is a must. Fat cells of the Plin1 and Plin2 pairs of mutants, the lipid droplet size and lipid content was significantly lower than Plin1 and Plin2 the single mutants, the instructions Plin1 inhibit lipolysis function. The study also found that Plin1 unique C-terminal domain determines its different functions between Plin2.This study reveals the complex functions of the Drosophila PAT family proteins in lipolysis for the follow-up parsing the PAT family proteins function in the evolution to provide a strong theoretical basis.Hsun Huang researcher graduated from Xiamen University, researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute since 2006, selected the Hundred, the main research direction is the genetic control of animal development and disease.Last year, his lab has published articles in the PLoS Genetics journal, reveals a new mechanism for the accumulation of lipids ectopic. The new study found that the control genes, ectopic accumulation of lipid droplets and to elucidate the molecular mechanism laid the foundation for subsequent large-scale mining.

Recently, Marta de Antonio from Barcelona, Spain, the researchers published in American Heart Journal, the study said, for patients with NQO2 chronic heart failure in real life, hs-cTnT can provide important predictive information for their future risk of death occurred.Heart failure remains high mortality rate. People are biological markers that reflect the different pathophysiological NR1H2 pathways to be evaluated in order to better stratify the risk of death. The purpose of this study was to assess of hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP in combination in real life, out-patient heart failure patient cohort mortality risk stratification in value.Researchers from the heart failure unit treated 876 patients (median age: 70.3 years, median left ventricular NR1H3 ejection fraction (LVEF): 34%). In addition to the risk of death has been determined predictors (age, gender, LVEF, New York Heart Association functional classification, diabetes mellitus, the estimation of glomerular filtration rate, the cause of ischemia, sodium intake, hemoglobin, receive β-blockers treatment, receiving ACEI or ARB therapy), the researchers further joint application to reflect the indicators of myocardial injury and myocardial NR1H4 contractility-hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP-to assess the risk of death in patients with heart failure. Median follow-up of 41.4 months, a total of 311 patients died. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP are independent predictors of mortality (p = 0.003; p = 0.003). Two at the same time increased (more than normal cut-off point value) significantly increased the death risk (HR HR 7.42; [95% CI, 5.23-10.54]; P <.001). Has established a predictive NR1I2 model of mortality risk factors were hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP into the contain, the predictive value of the model significantly improved. Comprehensive identification, correction and re-classification analysis, hs-cTnT in predicting heart failure death is better than NT-proBNP (net re-classified index of 7.7% and 1.5% respectively).

The researchers believe that patients with chronic heart failure in real life, hs-cTnT provide important predictive information to their future risk of death occurred. Hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP into the established mortality risk factors in the prediction model can better stratify the risk of death in patients with heart failure.

Scientists create cells constitute the vascular wall; this study may lead to new LYVE1 treatments for cardiovascular disease and better screening methods. Cambridge University scientists have for the first time with the patient's skin cells to produce different types of vascular smooth muscle cells (of SMCs, constitute the cells of the blood vessel wall).The study was partially funded by the Wellcome Trust, the findings in the June 13 published in "Nature - Biotechnology" (Nature Biotechnology).1/3 in the UK, the total number of LYZ deaths due to cardiovascular disease. Most of which is due to atherosclerosis caused by a blood vessel in the "scale" and embolism. For those patients not suitable for traditional stents or bypass treatment, an option in the future may grow new blood vessels to bypass their own blocked blood vessels.Corresponding author of the MAD2 study, the Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellow of the University of Cambridge, Dr. Sanjay Sinha, said: "This study represents an important step, will have the ability to create the correct type of smooth muscle cells use to build new blood vessels. Other patients may benefit from these new blood vessels, including those in need of vascular grafts for dialysis patients with renal failure.In the study, scientists used embryonic MAD2L stem cells (or similar cells derived from skin samples of patients), they have the potential to form various types of body cells are called pluripotent cells (hPSCs). The use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), they found a method of manufacturing high purity vascular smooth muscle. Before employing more than capable cells (hPSCs) to produce blood cells and myocardial cells, this study is the 1BP first time in a system developed out of the main types of vascular smooth muscle cells, and this system can easily scale for clinical level of production.

Vascular smooth muscle cells derived from different tissues in the early embryo, scientists have been able to reproduce the three different types of embryonic tissue in a dish. Interestingly, these smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the response of the material (such as growth factors) can lead to vascular Madcam1 disease vary, depending on which they are the source of embryonic way. They concluded that the embryonic origin of the differences may determine some of the common vascular diseases (such as aortic aneurysm or atherosclerosis, etc.) played a part in when and where to form. Sinha added: "Using this system, we can begin to understand the origin of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is how to affect the development of vascular disease and why the blood vessels in some areas to be protected against the disease affects.""In addition, there are many patients suffering from a hereditary disease (such as Marfan syndrome), it affects the vascular smooth muscle cells and lead to premature cell death and disability. Through this study, the use of manufacturing by the patient skin samples pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we will be able to in a lab dish to create a disease carry a genetic abnormality smooth muscle cells. such 'plates' model will allow us to better understand the disease and allows us to filter some new method of treatment. "