Uncontrolled growth of a group of cells is called tumor. Tumor turns into cancer at a severe stage. The study of cancer detection and prevention is called oncology. Cancer is now the most devastating disease in the world. About 13% human deaths are caused due to cancer. The most serious news is that no effective prevention is still discovered for cancer treatment. So cancer is the emissary of death to everybody. Cancer may develop in anybody of any age.
Abnormalities of the genetic materials are the only known cause of cancer. Errors in DNA replication and heritability of the genetic diseases are the cause of cancer during birth stage. Excessive ultraviolet radiation, any harmful infectious agents, tobacco smokes or chemicals are responsible for the abnormalities of genetic materials. Genes which promote cancer are called oncogenes. They are activated in cancer cells. Tumor suppressive genes are not activated in the cancer cells. For that reason programmed cell death and hyper active division and growth of cells cannot be prevented. Inaccurate DNA replication, irregular cell cycle, damaging the immune system are the major symptoms of cancer.
There are actually three types of symptoms of cancer. They are local symptoms, systematic symptoms and symptoms of metastasis. Pain, bleeding, ulceration and swelling are the local symptoms. Enlarged lymph nodes enlarged liver, bone pain and fracture and other neurological disturbance are the symptoms of metastasis. Poor appetite, weight loss, fatigue, excessive sweating, hormonal changes and anemia are the systematic symptoms. They are considered as serious stage symptoms of cancer.
The errors which are responsible for the cancer are amplified autonomously in the exponential rate. Mutation occurring in the error correcting machinery makes it nonfunctional. Errors in the signaling system cause error message transfer. Neoplastic cells are developed. Another mutation causes the immortal cancer cells and those cells disrupt healthy normal cells. That means cancer cells are expanding by creating many errors sequentially just like a chain reaction. If 10000 cancer cells are recognized and damaged but only 10 cancer cells are left undamaged, those 10 cells will replicate again and again to create cancer.
Prevention is better than cure. But there is no effective prevention of cancer. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are some procedure to cure cancer. But they are not harmless and secured. Genetic engineering may be the latest solution of cancer prevention. Some research has been done to discover new path of cancer prevention through genetic engineering. Genetic changes caused by events such as mutation and agents such as viruses are recognized for research. Damaged genes are trying to recover in the prevention of cancer. If the genetic factors and processes which are responsible for cancer can be controlled in the primary stage, the further progression of cancer will be controlled. Those works must be done by genetic engineering. This genetic engineering ensures the protection of cancer cells from further mutation. Genetic engineering is done if cancer is affected by genetic problems. If carcinogens create cancer then preventive steps should be taken against carcinogens. Genetic engineering may be the best solution for cancer. But this matter is still under research. Our expectation may be fulfilled in the future.
Abnormalities of the genetic materials are the only known cause of cancer. Errors in DNA replication and heritability of the genetic diseases are the cause of cancer during birth stage. Excessive ultraviolet radiation, any harmful infectious agents, tobacco smokes or chemicals are responsible for the abnormalities of genetic materials. Genes which promote cancer are called oncogenes. They are activated in cancer cells. Tumor suppressive genes are not activated in the cancer cells. For that reason programmed cell death and hyper active division and growth of cells cannot be prevented. Inaccurate DNA replication, irregular cell cycle, damaging the immune system are the major symptoms of cancer.
There are actually three types of symptoms of cancer. They are local symptoms, systematic symptoms and symptoms of metastasis. Pain, bleeding, ulceration and swelling are the local symptoms. Enlarged lymph nodes enlarged liver, bone pain and fracture and other neurological disturbance are the symptoms of metastasis. Poor appetite, weight loss, fatigue, excessive sweating, hormonal changes and anemia are the systematic symptoms. They are considered as serious stage symptoms of cancer.
The errors which are responsible for the cancer are amplified autonomously in the exponential rate. Mutation occurring in the error correcting machinery makes it nonfunctional. Errors in the signaling system cause error message transfer. Neoplastic cells are developed. Another mutation causes the immortal cancer cells and those cells disrupt healthy normal cells. That means cancer cells are expanding by creating many errors sequentially just like a chain reaction. If 10000 cancer cells are recognized and damaged but only 10 cancer cells are left undamaged, those 10 cells will replicate again and again to create cancer.
Prevention is better than cure. But there is no effective prevention of cancer. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are some procedure to cure cancer. But they are not harmless and secured. Genetic engineering may be the latest solution of cancer prevention. Some research has been done to discover new path of cancer prevention through genetic engineering. Genetic changes caused by events such as mutation and agents such as viruses are recognized for research. Damaged genes are trying to recover in the prevention of cancer. If the genetic factors and processes which are responsible for cancer can be controlled in the primary stage, the further progression of cancer will be controlled. Those works must be done by genetic engineering. This genetic engineering ensures the protection of cancer cells from further mutation. Genetic engineering is done if cancer is affected by genetic problems. If carcinogens create cancer then preventive steps should be taken against carcinogens. Genetic engineering may be the best solution for cancer. But this matter is still under research. Our expectation may be fulfilled in the future.