08-21-2013, 04:56 PM
The first biosensor was developed by Leland Clark Jr. in 1962, the blood glucose biosensor. However, there are events that could date back its rich history and eventual new discoveries.
In 1916, Nelson and Griffin made their first ever report on the immobilization of certain proteins which are responsible for the adsorption for invertase on activated charcoal.
It was in 1922 that the first glass PH electrode was discovered. In 1956, Clark invented the oxygen electrode. And by 1962, he made the biosensor’s first description, which was the amperometric enzyme electrode for glucose.
The first potentiometric biosensor was in 1969 where urease was immobilized to detect urea on an ammonia electrode. In 1970, Bergveld introduced his invention, the Ion-selective Field-effect Transistor (ISFET).
During 1972-1975, biosensors began to be commercialized. They used glucose biosensors which are single-use pen-shaped electrodes.
The first microbe-based biosensor, immunosensor (ovalbumin placed on platinum wire), pO2/pCO2 optode came out on 1975. The latter is associated with fluorescence signal & gas permeable membrane usage. A year after that, Miles presented the first bedside artificial pancreas.
Peterson, in 1980, introduced the first fiber-optic PH sensor to be used in vivo blood gases. Then two years after, the first fiber-optic based biosensor emerged for glucose detection.
In 1983, another kind of immunosensor came out, which was a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) type. After a year, a first of the mediated amperometric biosensor was out to the public, a ferrocene utilized with glucose oxidase, again for glucose detection.
MediSense ExactechTM launched their blood glucose biosensor in 1987 where it consists of strips and a disposable pen model. Three years after, Pharmacia BIACore let out their SPR-based biosensor system. In another two years, i-STAT began to launch their hand-held blood analyzer.
1996 was the date for the Glucocard, as well as the purchase of Medisense by Abbot for the amount of $867 million.
In 1998, LifeScan introduced their FastTake blood glucose biosensor to the market. It was also during this year that two companies, Boehringer Mannheim and Roche formed Roche Diagnostics.
By 2001, LifeScan bought Inverness Medical’s business involving glucose testing for $1.3 billion. Since then, more and more inventions came such as the Quantum Dots, BioNMES, Nanotube, Nanowire, Nanocantilever, and Nanoparticles.
In 1916, Nelson and Griffin made their first ever report on the immobilization of certain proteins which are responsible for the adsorption for invertase on activated charcoal.
It was in 1922 that the first glass PH electrode was discovered. In 1956, Clark invented the oxygen electrode. And by 1962, he made the biosensor’s first description, which was the amperometric enzyme electrode for glucose.
The first potentiometric biosensor was in 1969 where urease was immobilized to detect urea on an ammonia electrode. In 1970, Bergveld introduced his invention, the Ion-selective Field-effect Transistor (ISFET).
During 1972-1975, biosensors began to be commercialized. They used glucose biosensors which are single-use pen-shaped electrodes.
The first microbe-based biosensor, immunosensor (ovalbumin placed on platinum wire), pO2/pCO2 optode came out on 1975. The latter is associated with fluorescence signal & gas permeable membrane usage. A year after that, Miles presented the first bedside artificial pancreas.
Peterson, in 1980, introduced the first fiber-optic PH sensor to be used in vivo blood gases. Then two years after, the first fiber-optic based biosensor emerged for glucose detection.
In 1983, another kind of immunosensor came out, which was a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) type. After a year, a first of the mediated amperometric biosensor was out to the public, a ferrocene utilized with glucose oxidase, again for glucose detection.
MediSense ExactechTM launched their blood glucose biosensor in 1987 where it consists of strips and a disposable pen model. Three years after, Pharmacia BIACore let out their SPR-based biosensor system. In another two years, i-STAT began to launch their hand-held blood analyzer.
1996 was the date for the Glucocard, as well as the purchase of Medisense by Abbot for the amount of $867 million.
In 1998, LifeScan introduced their FastTake blood glucose biosensor to the market. It was also during this year that two companies, Boehringer Mannheim and Roche formed Roche Diagnostics.
By 2001, LifeScan bought Inverness Medical’s business involving glucose testing for $1.3 billion. Since then, more and more inventions came such as the Quantum Dots, BioNMES, Nanotube, Nanowire, Nanocantilever, and Nanoparticles.
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