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Biodiesel for the Next Generation Fuel needs
#1
In the current decade one of the most important challenges is to find out environment friendly energy source and the most recent finding source is biodiesel. Biodiesel can mitigate the need for fossil fuel without any devastating environmental effect.
Biodiesel is of vegetable oil or animal fat origin consisting of long chain alkyl esters like methyl, propyl, ethyl etc. In the biodiesel production plan organic oil is altered through the use of a catalyst and an alcohol. As a result of chemical reaction oil molecules are broken and replace the glycerin portion of the molecule with an alcohol molecule. This glycerin is discarded from the bottom of the plant, as a result of which biodiesel is drained off. This biodiesel is finally purified. The purified biodiesel can be used either in pure form or in blended form with petroleum diesel at any concentration as it is used in most injection pump diesel engines.

Biodiesel has much more lubricating properties as well as higher cetane ratings than petroleum fuel. Addition of biodiesel decreases fuel system wear. By using biodiesel it has been found that it gives more complete combustion and increases the engine energy output as well as partially compensates for the higher energy density of petro diesel. Now a days the amount of biodiesel usage is about 3.8 million per year. From 2007 biodiesel production has found growth with an average rate from 2002-2006 of over 40%. In 2008 Europe had alone produced 7.8 million tones. In 2005-2006 the world production of biodiesel was about 110 million tones. Amongst them are about 34 million tons each of palm oil and soybean oil. The oils which are commonly used in biodiesel production are virgin oil feedstock, waste vegetable oil, animal fats like tallow, lard, yellow grease, chicken fat, omega-3 fatty acid from fish etc, algae, oils from halophytes etc.

The actual importance of using biodiesel is not only to replace fossil fuel which will not be available someday because of limited storage but also control the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As fossil fuels the usage of biodiesel will still produce one of the most important greenhouse gas carbon dioxide but the plant feedstock used in its production absorbs carbon dioxide through photosynthesis from atmosphere, thus it is distinct from fossil fuels. Biodiesel use can decrease direct tailpipe emission of particulates, about 50% as compared with fossil fuels. Through the use with additives biodiesel produces 10% nitrogen oxide which is much lower than petroleum. Besides degradation rate of biodiesel is same as dextrose control and 5 times quicker than petroleum over a period of 28 days. It has been found that biodiesel blends double the rate of petroleum diesel degradation through co-metabolism. In addition biodiesel degrades more completely and shows no mortalities and little toxicity on plant and animal.

Practically biodiesel is very easy to use. Biodiesel or biodiesel blends can be used in engines, vehicles or infrastructure with practically no change. It’s another advantage is it provides similar horse power, torque and fuel mileage compared to petroleum diesel fuel. Even in cold weather there is no problem to use it because you can use it in gel form, Just blend it with winterized diesel fuel, isn’t it very easy?

World is now suffering from green house effect at the same time the total energy recourses are getting reduced day by day which will come to an end one day. In this situation biodiesel can really be treated as a ray of hope, what say?
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#2
These information given by you is really nice, I think that Biodiesel is fuel made from natural vegetable oils, animal fats, and advanced non-food alternative crops. The current biodiesel production method forms soaps or salts in both the biodiesel and glycerin phases, producing low-grade co-products.
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#3
Thanks for the additional information 'froonylose'
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#4
Very informative discussion about new emerging fuel technology. After an evaluation of a decade’s value of biofuels research, researchers with the Ecological Security Organization have determined that important information holes will likely avoid professionals from effectively evaluating biofuels’ full environmental impacts.
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#5
Bug 
The actual issue in success of biofuel production at large scale is the limitation of raw material either it be biofuel plant or Jatropha curcas. Another research that is ongoing is finding a way to extract maximum oil from these crops. All the process of biofuel production depends on the quantity of oil that is extracted from the crop. There is direct ratio of oil and the biofuel in the large scale production of such fuels. Therefore it is very important to have complete technology that can be used 100% to convert available raw material into oil. The oil is later converted in to biofuel.
To replace use of fossil fuel, vast amount of fresh water and land is required. New techniques use like biotechnology and tissue culture is helping to produce special bred of mustard varieties which produces high oil and are thus very useful in crop rotation with other plants of cereals. Also such oil containing crops acts as bio-pesticides in farm and protects other food crops from being infected with pest and other unwanted organisms.
Today chlorophyll containing microorganism like Algae is used in production of biofuels. Many species of algae are oil rich and can later be extracted and processed into biofuels. Later, remain of such dried algae is further reprocessed to produce ethanol. Such way algae used in biofuel production is completely used, even its dried form.
Research in biofuel production is growing with promising results from various sources.
One such research is closely monitoring Jatropha curcas as potential raw material in biofuel production. This research is at Plant Research International, which is a department of the Wageningen University and Research Centre, Netherlands.
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