12-31-2013, 06:43 PM
The Immunization with Adjuvants can be used for a variety of purposes and some of them are listed here:
• It is to improve the immunogenicity of highly purified or recombinant antigens (protein or peptide).
• It is to trim down the quantity of antigen or the number of immunizations needed for protective immunity.
• It is to get better the efficacy of vaccines in newborns, the aged or immuno-compromised persons and
• As an antigen release systems for the uptake of antigens by the human mucosa
The difficulty with highly pure recombinant or synthetic antigens used in modern day vaccines is that they are usually far less immunogenic than older style live or killed complete organism vaccines. This has fashioned a major need for enhanced and more influential adjuvants for use in these vaccines. With a small number of exceptions, alum remains the sole adjuvant approved for human use in the majority of countries worldwide. Although alum is able to induce good antibody (Th2) production immunity, it has modest aptitude to stimulate cellular (Th1) immune responses which are so imperative for protection against many pathogens. In addition, alum has the potential to cause severe restricted but systemic side-effects including sterile abscesses, eosinophilia and myofascitis, even though fortunately a large number of the more serious side-effects are quite rare. There is also a community apprehension regarding the possible function of aluminium in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, there is a major unmet necessitating for safer and more effective adjuvants appropriate for human use. In particular, there is demand for safe and non-toxic adjuvants capable to stimulate cellular (Th1) immunity. Other needs in light of new vaccine technologies are adjuvants suitable for use with mucosally-delivered vaccines, DNA vaccines, cancer and autoimmunity vaccines. Each of these areas are extremely specialized with their own and only one of its kind needs in respect of suitable adjuvant technology.
• It is to improve the immunogenicity of highly purified or recombinant antigens (protein or peptide).
• It is to trim down the quantity of antigen or the number of immunizations needed for protective immunity.
• It is to get better the efficacy of vaccines in newborns, the aged or immuno-compromised persons and
• As an antigen release systems for the uptake of antigens by the human mucosa
The difficulty with highly pure recombinant or synthetic antigens used in modern day vaccines is that they are usually far less immunogenic than older style live or killed complete organism vaccines. This has fashioned a major need for enhanced and more influential adjuvants for use in these vaccines. With a small number of exceptions, alum remains the sole adjuvant approved for human use in the majority of countries worldwide. Although alum is able to induce good antibody (Th2) production immunity, it has modest aptitude to stimulate cellular (Th1) immune responses which are so imperative for protection against many pathogens. In addition, alum has the potential to cause severe restricted but systemic side-effects including sterile abscesses, eosinophilia and myofascitis, even though fortunately a large number of the more serious side-effects are quite rare. There is also a community apprehension regarding the possible function of aluminium in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, there is a major unmet necessitating for safer and more effective adjuvants appropriate for human use. In particular, there is demand for safe and non-toxic adjuvants capable to stimulate cellular (Th1) immunity. Other needs in light of new vaccine technologies are adjuvants suitable for use with mucosally-delivered vaccines, DNA vaccines, cancer and autoimmunity vaccines. Each of these areas are extremely specialized with their own and only one of its kind needs in respect of suitable adjuvant technology.
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