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Studies such as the ones described have many caveats that must be considered. While the data Seralini obtained may be convincing that the genetically modified corns can cause disease in mammals, there are many questions that remain to draw a definitive conclusion.

The amount of genetically modified corn making up the rats’ diets, and the other components of the diet, may have affected the results of the study. If the corn was only one component of the rats’ diet, then the amount of corn eaten could vary from rat to rat. It is also not clear if the control rats received an identical diet, with non-GMO corn in place of the genetically modified corn, or if the controls received no corn at all. If the experimental rats were given only corn, and the control rats given standard rat food, this could also cause differences between the two groups of rats. The preparation of the corn itself may have also caused some of the noted affects in the study. If the corn was given raw, whole, cooked, or ground up could change the characteristics of the corn.

The strain of rat used in the study may have been more susceptible to any adverse effects of either the genetically modified food or other factors. Rats used in research are bred to have specific traits, and these traits could cause them to react differently to the same compounds than other strains of rats. It’s highly unlikely that the researchers would have used multiple strains of rats.

Even though the data from the study is not 100% conclusive, and governing bodies have agreed, that does not mean that GMO food is completely safe. With everything in life, it is important to stay informed about the food you choose to eat, and think carefully. Transparency from GMO producers such as Monsanto could increase public trust and help more people make informed decisions.