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Nanobiotechnology Has Opened a New Era
#1
The word Nanobiotechnology has come from the term nanotechnology. Therefore, it is hard to understand about Nanobiotechnology without understanding nanotechnology. It is assumed that we have entered into a new era of science and technology by this nanotechnology. In simple words we can say that nanotechnology is a technology that works with very small sized structures. It is a vast and diversified area of modern science and technology. It is involved with advancing new materials within this range by controlling materials on the atomic scale.

Now we are talking about Nanobiotechnology. This is one of the important areas of nanotechnology. This area deals with biological and biochemical materials on the nature. Nanobiotechnology and bionanotechnology are not same. Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in the area of biotechnology. And bionanotechnology is the combination of biology and nanotechnology using bimolecular level research.

Now we have to know about the application of Nanobiotechnology. We know nanotechnology has the capacity to make new materials in many fields such as biomaterials, electronics, medicine and energy production. On the other hand, Nanobiotechnology works in the biological fields such as environmental effect on nonmaterial. It has great effect on global modern economics. But government has its own regulation on nanotechnology research in every country.

Nanobiotechnology has two major approaches. One of them is to utilize nano scaled tools in living system. And the other is development of nano scaled products using biological system as template. Nanobiotechnology is the combined research of organic and inorganic matters to develop new matters and to puzzle out new problems such as drug delivery vehicles, New drug development, sensors, diagnostics. Nanobiotechnology always describes the correlated multidisciplinary role connected with biosensors especially where chemistry, biology, photonics, biophysics and nanomedicine come together.

This technology did not come by the research of scientists. It has come from the nature. Nature is the inventor of this technology. Nature involves one cell to develop multifunctional cells and tissues in living system. Nanobiotechnology changes the form of energy to create new materials such as nanolasers. Nanoparticles are very much active in the field of diagnostics in molecular level. Nanoparticles are nothing but quantum dots. Nanoparticles are injected into human body for secured diagnostics of any disease. Some other technology such as microfludics are scaling down into nanofludics. In vitro diagnostics is no longer as safe as earlier. So many nano devices are now used for diagnostics. Sequencing of single molecules of DNA is now possible by many nanosystems and nanodevices.

The use of Nanobiotechnology is increasing in the pharmaceutical industries day by day. It plays important role from the first step to last step in the pharmaceutical industries. Optimal formulation of drug development is ensured by putting this technology for clinical trial. But the most crucial application is drug delivery. This technology follows intracellular delivery procedure. It is developed by transdermal drug delivery. Nanobiotechnology has also the applicability as nonviral gene therapy vector. Nanomedicine is the new contribution of Nanobiotechnology. Nanorobot is used as minimal nanodevices to solve the problems. Nanosurgery is the most modern procedure of surgery and advanced alternative to conventional surgery.
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#2
The beauty and wonder of nanobiotechnology or nanobiology is that it is the next big revolution in the field of medicine. Because of it, production of artificially engineered cells and organelles are possible, combining organic and inorganic substrates and substances into innovative nano-scale systems, profoundly affecting what we call life.

The term “nanobots” particularly caught my attention. Turned out, the term also has other names such as nanites, nanorobots, and nanomachines, involving the term nanometer, which is a billionth of a meter.

There are two descriptions that may be applied to the word “nanobots”:
1. A nanobot is a biological or synthetic device having the function to perform a preprogrammed task close to the atomic level.
2. It can also be a device involving the interaction in a nano-scale level. These can include a series of microscopes that can manipulate on nano-scale structures.

After it has accomplished its task, it is then dissolved, absorbed and excreted. Up to now in 2013, these machines are still into its development phase.

It would be interesting to discuss the difficulties of such marvel technology. First, there is the power supply dilemma. Implanted solar cells or batteries are sometimes not enough to sustain its purpose. However, some biological nanobots can be programmed to ingest tiny amounts of tissue in the body to gain energy. Others use a layer of radioactive material as the solution to this.

Aside from that, since they are so minute, swarms of them are needed to complete a task.

Researchers who use silicon as their choice for construction find such nanobots flexible, durable, and a conductor of electricity, but also figure that silicon does not easily dissolve in bodily fluids.

The body is a host of other foreign substances, so for medical applications, nanobot degradability can be a problem.

Because the nanomachines have a very specific task, controlled mobility must also be considered, so that they stay to the area where they should perform. However, these nanites can experience physical, chemical, and electrical stimuli affecting their response and their surroundings, which may completely defy their purpose.

Since such devices are built molecule by molecule and atom by atom, the process can be complex, thus, hindering mass production.

Nevertheless, scientists are excited to announce that in the next few years, there will be nanobots which can perform surgery in the eyes, heart, and other organs of the body, making surgery minimally to non-invasive at all.

Well, I’m looking forward!
Lyka Candelario, RN
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