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Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Production of Proteins and Biopharming
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Biopharming involves the use of genetically modified plants or plant cells to produce proteins of therapeutic value. Plant cell cultures have also been used to produce a vaccine against Newcastle disease virus.Plant cell based approaches include using moss and algae grown in contained bioreactors. Biopharmaceuticals, including PMPs(Plant-made Pharmaceuticals), made using cell culture are subject to EU regulations on medicinal products and contained use.

Researchers have also developed whole plant based production systems for biopharmaceuticals. Plants have been a source of drugs and useful molecules for millennia but only since the advent of biotechnology has it been possible to use plants to produce proteins that are found elsewhere in nature. The first pharmaceutical protein made in plants was human growth hormone.

One of the main challenges of synthesising complex biotechnology derived proteins is producing them on a large scale at a low cost. Plant cell cultures can be used to produce complex human proteins and are often cheaper to maintain than mammalian cells because they require less sophisticated growth media. Both plant and mammalian cell culture systems are limited by the capacity of bioreactors, which are less suitable for large scale production of biopharmaceuticals.

The low cost of a plant-based system makes this technology particularly applicable to developing countries. The issue of how to deliver perishable drugs and vaccines requiring refrigeration to remote areas with poor roads and storage systems is a major obstacle to the treatment of many diseases associated with developing countries.

Despite the benefits of PMPs there are a number of challenges that have so far hindered their commercialisation in Europe. The establishment of good manufacturing procedures and risk assessment within an appropriate regulatory framework is essential to reduce the risks associated with their production. Such risks include contamination of the food chain and the transfer of genes to related plants.
Sasa Milosevic
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RE: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Production of Proteins and Biopharming - by sale0303 - 11-03-2013, 06:31 PM
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