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Biotechnology is an area of science that is concerned with the industrialized production of biopharmaceuticals and biological utilization of genetically modified microbes. And also the genetic constitution of animals and plants can be altered either by inserting novel useful genes or by removing unwanted genes. Modern biotechnology is changing the manner of growing plants and animals aiming to offer opportunities in improving nutritional content, product quality and economic value. Biotechnology has four most important areas of application such as health care, agriculture, industrial processes (biodegradable plastics, enzymes and bio-fuels) and wildlife management and conservation.

The industry of biotechnology has coined a number of terms that are utilized to refer to particular areas in which biotechnology already plays an important role.

Blue Biotechnology is the phrase used to describe various applications of biotechnology in marine environments and other aquatic (water based) phenomena.

Green Biotechnology refers to biotechnological applications in the area of agriculture and environment. An instance of biotechnology in agriculture is the genetic engineering of crops. Genetically modified or GM crops are capable of producing pesticides that resist insect attacks, reducing the environment damaging chemical pesticides which is a topic of debate. Another instance of biotechnological application in agriculture is the crafting of transgenic plants that are capable of growing in the presence or absence of particular chemicals.

Red Biotechnology is the phrase that refers to the medical applications of biotechnology. This area includes engineering organisms to generate antibiotics, manipulation of genetic code to produce cells utilized in gene therapy and so on. There are several ethical issues regarding genetic modification, particularly with human genes.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary area which attempts to find solutions to biological problems utilizing sophisticated and much studied computational methodologies. As a result huge amounts of biological data can be organised very swiftly for analysis which is aided by computing techniques.