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Classification of Pesticides Based on Origin and Pest Control
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Biological pesticides are a modern approach of controlling pests without causing much harm to the environment. Biological pesticides are certain groups of pesticides that are derived from bacteria, plants, animals, and certain minerals. There are three major categories of biopesticides. These are Microbial pesticides wherein the active ingredient is a microorganism for example a bacterium, fungus or protozoan. Some specific examples include fungi controlling specific weeds or killing insects. Bacillus thuringiensis and its subspecies is most commonly applied biological or microbial pesticide of all. It is abbreviated as Bt. Pesticide materials that can be produced by plants through the genetic material incorporated in them are collectively known as Plant-Incorporated-Protectants or (PIPs). For instance, scientist used the toxic gene from Bt to slot inside the plant genome so that the plant can produce the toxin by itself, thereby destroying the pests. EPA in these circumstances regulates the genetic material and the protein, thus generated and not the plant itself. The third class is Biochemical pesticides which include natural materials that have non-toxic mechanisms to control pests. Examples of Biochemical pesticides are insect sex pheromones (act by interfering in mating), a range of aromatic plant extracts (work by attracting insect pests into traps).
The host specificity is the chief advantages of using biological pesticides. Biological pesticides only act on the target pest and strongly linked organisms, whereas chemical pesticides are usually of broad spectrum types which affect a large group of organisms which may not fall into pest category (mammals, insects, birds). Biopesticides are usually environmentally friendly as they are less toxic, decomposed easily and required in small quantities. Chemical pesticides cause major environmental pollution as they are quite toxic and not always biodegradable. Another important advantage of using biological pesticides is the fact that they are less susceptible to genetic modification in plant populations. This ensures that there is far less chance of growing pesticide resistance in pests, a problem highly associated with the use of chemical pesticides. Pesticide resistance is a major concern in fields receiving chemical pesticides and use of biological pesticides can easily solve the problem. But appropriate pest management through biological pesticides depends on the application technique. Special spraying techniques are there for evenly distributed application of bio-pesticides in sufficient quantity (droplets containing the required number of organisms) on the target species to offer enough impact on the target pest. The application procedure, thus forms the integral part of the successful bio-pesticides treatment.
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RE: Classification of Pesticides Based on Origin and Pest Control - by debram - 09-29-2014, 04:48 AM
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